In the United States, birth rates have been below replacement [level] for 25 straight years…"Pronatalist" policies, such as the newly enacted $500-per-child tax credit in the United States, are important, but the results are uncertain.

Recently, at least two activist groups have been formed for political and social support against "pronatalist" attitudes.

There has been a striking turnaround in many Idcs' official attitudes to increasing population. A few (eg, Cameroon, where birth control is illegal and family allowances are designed to push up the birth rate) are still pronatalist. Most are now anti-natalist.