video pill
n. A camera approximately the size of a vitamin pill that, when ingested, transmits images from a person's stomach and intestinal tract.
Examples
2003
This hi-tech video pill, developed by Israeli company Given Imaging, records footage from the inside of a patient's body to reduce the need for invasive surgery. The pill will especially be used for difficult conditions to assess such as intestinal disorders or bowel complaints.
—Peter Jenkinson, “Tech a look into the future,” The Mirror, June 12, 2003
2001
But endoscopes often can't reach all the way through the six-metre small bowel, meaning patients left without a diagnosis sometimes had to resort to exploratory surgery.

The video pill offers a pain-free alternative — and may show doctors some spots they've never been able to see because endoscopes couldn't fit into all the nooks and crannies.
—Lauran Neergaard, “Camera pill lets MDs video the gut,” Hamilton Spectator (Ontario, Canada), August 03, 2001
2000 (earliest)
In a stunning development, Scottish scientists recently announced that they have developed a prototype of a "video pill" that will detect cancer and other diseases as it travels through the body.

The Glasgow University scientists say the pill will carry a tiny video camera, capable of relaying pictures to diagnostic computers, alerting doctors to health problems.
—Lawrence Hall, “Video pill could help people who aren't the picture of health,” The Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ), April 12, 2000
Notes
The video pill also goes by a few other names: camera pill, pillcam, M2A Swallowable Imaging Capsule, M2A capsule, and capsule endoscope. Given the latter, it will come as no surprise to hear that doctors call this procedure a capsule endoscopy. M2A, by the by, is short for "mouth to anus," since that's the route the video pill takes.
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